Linux Interview Questions: - What are the fields in the “/etc/passwd” file?
It contains all the information of the users who log into
the system. It contains a list of the system's accounts, giving for each
account some useful information like user ID, group ID, home directory, shell,
etc. It should have general read permission as many utilities, like ls use it
to map user IDs to user names, but write access only for the superuser (root). The main fields of /etc/passwd file are:
Example - root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
1. Username: It
is used when user logs in. It should be between 1 and 32 characters in length.
2. Password: An x
character indicates that encrypted password is stored in /etc/shadow file.
3. User ID (UID): Each user must be assigned a user
ID (UID). UID 0 (zero) is reserved
for root and
UIDs 1-99 are reserved for other predefined accounts. Further UID
100-999 are reserved by system
for administrative and system accounts/groups.
4. Group ID (GID): The primary group ID (stored in
/etc/group file)
5. User ID Info:
The comment field. It allows you to add extra information about the users such
as user's full name, phone number etc. This field use by finger command.
6. Home directory:
The absolute path to the directory the user will be in when they log in. If
this directory does not exists then users directory becomes /
7. Command/shell:
The absolute path of a command or shell (/bin/bash). Typically, this is a
shell.
